Method for connecting to a base station with flexible bandwidth

ABSTRACT

The disclosure of the present invention proposes a method for connecting to a base station. The method may be performed by a user equipment (UE) and comprise: receiving information on a UE-specific bandwidth of a first cell. Here, the UE-specific bandwidth of the first cell is variable based on a bandwidth of a second cell using long term evaluation (LTE) radio access technology (RAT). The information on the UE-specific bandwidth may indicate a bandwidth between a bandwidth between a minimum bandwidth and a maximum bandwidth.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a National Stage application under 35 U.S.C. § 371of International Application No. PCT/KR2017/004245, filed on Apr. 20,2017, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/325,427, filed on Apr. 20, 2016. The disclosures of the priorapplications are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to mobile communication.

Related Art

3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long-term evolution (LTE) is atechnology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemeshave been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim toreduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand andimprove coverage and system capacity. The 3GPP LTE requires reduced costper bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequencyband, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate powerconsumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement.

As more and more communication devices require more communicationcapacity, there is a need for improved mobile broadband communicationover existing radio access technology. Also, massive machine typecommunications (MTC), which provides various services by connecting manydevices and objects, is one of the major issues to be considered in thenext generation communication. In addition, communication system designconsidering reliability/latency sensitive service/UE is being discussed.The introduction of next generation radio access technology consideringenhanced mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, ultra-reliable andlow latency communication (URLLC) is discussed. This new technology maybe called new radio access technology (RAT) for convenience.

In the new RAT, analog beamforming may be introduced. In case ofmillimeter wave (mmW), the wavelength is shortened so that a pluralityof antennas can be installed in the same area. For example, in the 30GHz band, a total of 100 antenna elements can be installed in a2-dimension array of 0.5 lambda (wavelength) intervals on a panel of 5by 5 cm with a wavelength of 1 cm. Therefore, in mmW, multiple antennaelements can be used to increase the beamforming gain to increase thecoverage or increase the throughput.

In this case, if a transceiver unit (TXRU) is provided so thattransmission power and phase can be adjusted for each antenna element,independent beamforming is possible for each frequency resource.However, installing a TXRU on all 100 antenna elements has a problem interms of cost effectiveness. Therefore, a method of mapping a pluralityof antenna elements to one TXRU and adjusting the direction of a beamusing an analog phase shifter is considered. This analog beamformingmethod has a disadvantage that it cannot perform frequency selectivebeaming because it can make only one beam direction in all bands.

A hybrid beamforming with B TXRUs, which is an intermediate form ofdigital beamforming and analog beamforming, and fewer than Q antennaelements, can be considered. In this case, although there is adifference depending on the connection method of the B TXRU and Qantenna elements, the direction of the beam that can be simultaneouslytransmitted is limited to B or less.

For operating new RAT efficiently, various schemes have to be adopted.However, until now, efficient scheme has not been introduced.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the disclosure of the specification has been made in aneffort to solve the problem.

To achieve the foregoing purposes, the disclosure of the presentinvention proposes a method for connecting to a base station. The methodmay be performed by a user equipment (UE) and comprise: receivinginformation on a UE-specific bandwidth of a first cell. Here, theUE-specific bandwidth of the first cell is variable based on a bandwidthof a second cell using long term evaluation (LTE) radio accesstechnology (RAT). The information on the UE-specific bandwidth mayindicate a bandwidth between a minimum bandwidth and a maximumbandwidth.

The information on the UE-specific bandwidth may be received viaphysical broadcast channel (PBCH) or system information or higher layersignaling.

The first cell may use a remaining bandwidth except for the bandwidth ofthe second cell among an entire bandwidth.

The method may further comprise: receiving cell common information in acenter frequency region of the minimum bandwidth.

The cell common information may include at least one of: asynchronization signal, a master information block (MIB) on a physicalbroadcast channel (PBCH), and a system information block (SIB).

The method may further comprise: receiving information for configuring,as a blank resource, the bandwidth of the second cell using the LTE RATor resources used for control, reference signal (RS), and a physicalrandom access channel (PRACH) transmission of LTE RAT.

The method may further comprise: considering, as a blank resource, aslot or a subframe or a set of OFDM symbols used by the LTE RAT of thesecond cell.

The method may further comprise: considering, as a blank resource, a RSpattern used by the LTE RAT of the second cell.

The method may further comprise: performing a time synchronization withthe first cell based on the second cell using the LTE RAT. The secondcell using the LTE RAT may be configured as a time reference cell.

To achieve the foregoing purposes, the disclosure of the presentinvention proposes a user equipment (IE) for connecting to a basestation. The UE may comprise: a transceiver; and a processor configuredto control the transceiver to receive information on a UE-specificbandwidth of a first cell. Here, the UE-specific bandwidth of the firstcell is variable based on a bandwidth of a second cell using long termevaluation (LTE) radio access technology (RAT). The information on theUE-specific bandwidth indicates a bandwidth between a minimum bandwidthand a maximum bandwidth.

According to the disclosure of the present specification, the problemsof the above-described prior art are solved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system.

FIG. 2 shows a downlink radio frame structure according to FDD of 3rdgeneration partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE).

FIG. 3 shows an example of subframe type for new RAT.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a concept of flexible bandwidth

FIG. 5 illustrates an example that UE is informed of information on abandwidth.

FIG. 6 exemplarily illustrates a procedure of cell association.

FIG. 7 exemplarily shows examples of different cases.

FIG. 8 illustrates separate two MAC entities in the base station and theUE.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless communication systemaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

The technical terms used herein are used to merely describe specificembodiments and should not be construed as limiting the presentinvention. Further, the technical terms used herein should be, unlessdefined otherwise, interpreted as having meanings generally understoodby those skilled in the art but not too broadly or too narrowly.Further, the technical terms used herein, which are determined not toexactly represent the spirit of the invention, should be replaced by orunderstood by such technical terms as being able to be exactlyunderstood by those skilled in the art. Further, the general terms usedherein should be interpreted in the context as defined in thedictionary, but not in an excessively narrowed manner.

The expression of the singular number in the specification includes themeaning of the plural number unless the meaning of the singular numberis definitely different from that of the plural number in the context.In the following description, the term ‘include’ or ‘have’ may representthe existence of a feature, a number, a step, an operation, a component,a part or the combination thereof described in the specification, andmay not exclude the existence or addition of another feature, anothernumber, another step, another operation, another component, another partor the combination thereof.

The terms ‘first’ and ‘second’ are used for the purpose of explanationabout various components, and the components are not limited to theterms ‘first’ and ‘second’. The terms ‘first’ and ‘second’ are only usedto distinguish one component from another component. For example, afirst component may be named as a second component without deviatingfrom the scope of the present invention.

It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to asbeing “connected to” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it can bedirectly connected or coupled to the other element or layer orintervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when anelement is referred to as being “directly connected to” or “directlycoupled to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elementsor layers present.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will bedescribed in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.In describing the present invention, for ease of understanding, the samereference numerals are used to denote the same components throughout thedrawings, and repetitive description on the same components will beomitted. Detailed description on well-known arts which are determined tomake the gist of the invention unclear will be omitted. The accompanyingdrawings are provided to merely make the spirit of the invention readilyunderstood, but not should be intended to be limiting of the invention.It should be understood that the spirit of the invention may be expandedto its modifications, replacements or equivalents in addition to what isshown in the drawings.

As used herein, ‘wireless device’ may be stationary or mobile, and maybe denoted by other terms such as terminal, MT (mobile terminal), UE(user equipment), ME (mobile equipment), MS (mobile station), UT (userterminal), SS (subscriber station), handheld device, or AT (accessterminal).

As used herein, ‘base station’ generally refers to a fixed station thatcommunicates with a wireless device and may be denoted by other termssuch as eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (base transceiver system), or accesspoint.

Hereinafter, applications of the present invention based on 3GPP (3rdgeneration partnership project) LTE (long term evolution) or 3GPP LTE-A(advanced) are described. However, this is merely an example, and thepresent invention may apply to various wireless communication systems.Hereinafter, LTE includes LTE and/or LTE-A.

FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system.

As seen with reference to FIG. 1, the wireless communication systemincludes at least one base station (BS) 20. Each base station 20provides a communication service to specific geographical areas(generally, referred to as cells) 20 a, 20 b, and 20 c. The cell can befurther divided into a plurality of areas (sectors).

The UE generally belongs to one cell and the cell to which the UE belongis referred to as a serving cell. A base station that provides thecommunication service to the serving cell is referred to as a servingBS. Since the wireless communication system is a cellular system,another cell that neighbors to the serving cell is present. Another cellwhich neighbors to the serving cell is referred to a neighbor cell. Abase station that provides the communication service to the neighborcell is referred to as a neighbor BS. The serving cell and the neighborcell are relatively decided based on the UE.

Hereinafter, a downlink means communication from the base station 20 tothe UE1 10 and an uplink means communication from the UE 10 to the basestation 20. In the downlink, a transmitter may be a part of the basestation 20 and a receiver may be a part of the UE 10. In the uplink, thetransmitter may be a part of the UE 10 and the receiver may be a part ofthe base station 20.

FIG. 2 shows a downlink radio frame structure according to FDD of 3rdgeneration partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE).

The radio frame includes 10 subframes indexed 0 to 9. One subframeincludes two consecutive slots. Accordingly, the radio frame includes 20slots. The time taken for one subframe to be transmitted is called atransmission time interval (TTI). For example, the length of onesubframe may be 1 ms, and the length of one slot may be 0.5 ms.

The structure of the radio frame is for exemplary purposes only, andthus the number of subframes included in the radio frame or the numberof slots included in the subframe may change variously.

Meanwhile, one slot may include a plurality of orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The number of OFDM symbolsincluded in one slot may vary depending on a cyclic prefix (CP). Oneslot includes 7 OFDM symbols in case of a normal CP, and one slotincludes 6 OFDM symbols in case of an extended CP. Herein, since the3GPP LTE uses orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) indownlink (DL), the OFDM symbol is only for expressing one symbol periodin a time domain, and there is no limitation in a multiple access schemeor terminologies. For example, the OFDM symbol may also be referred toas another terminology such as a single carrier frequency divisionmultiple access (SC-FDMA) symbol, a symbol period, etc.

As such, one subframe is called as a transmission-time-interval (TTI).TTI refers to the duration of a transmission. So, the base stationschedule the radio resource in unit of the TTI, e.g., subframe.

<Carrier Aggregation>

Hereinafter, a carrier aggregation (CA) system will be described.

The CA system refers to aggregate a plurality of component carriers(CCs). Due to CA, the meaning of a legacy cell has been changed.According to CA, a cell may refer to a combination of a downlink (DL) CCand an uplink (UL) CC or a single DL CC.

Also, in CA, a cell may be classified as a primary cell, a secondarycell, and a serving cell. The primary cell refers to a cell operating ina primary frequency and refers to a cell in which a UE performs aninitial connection establishment procedure or a connectionre-establishment procedure with a BS (or an eNB) or a cell indicated asa primary cell during a handover procedure. The secondary cell refers toa cell operating in a secondary frequency, which is configured once RRCconnection is established and which is used to provide additionalwireless resource.

As mentioned above, in the CC system, a plurality of CCs, i.e., aplurality of serving cells, may be supported, unlike a single carriersystem.

Such carrier aggregation system may support cross-carrier scheduling.The cross-carrier scheduling is a scheduling scheme that may conductresource allocation of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)transmitted through other component carriers than the component carrierbasically linked to a specific component carrier and/or resourceallocation of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmittedthrough other component carriers through a physical downlink controlchannel (PDCCH) transmitted through the specific component carrier.

<Next Generation Mobile Network>

5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems,abbreviated 5G, are the proposed next telecommunications standardsbeyond the current 4G LTE/international mobile telecommunications(IMT)-advanced standards. 5G planning aims at higher capacity thancurrent 4G LTE, allowing a higher density of mobile broadband users, andsupporting device-to-device, ultra-reliable, and massive machinecommunications. 5G research and development also aims at lower latencythan 4G equipment and lower battery consumption, for betterimplementation of the Internet of things. Hereinafter, 5G technology maybe referred to as new radio access technology (NR).

In NR, utilizing a subframe in which downlink and uplink are containedmay be considered. This scheme may be applied for paired spectrum andunpaired spectrum. The paired spectrum means that one carrier consistsof two parts of spectrum for downlink and uplink operation. For example,in the paired spectrum, the one carrier may include a DL carrier and anUL carrier, which are paired with each other. In the paired spectrum,communication, such as DL, UL, device-to-device communication, and/orrelay communication, may be performed by utilizing the paired spectrum.The unpaired spectrum means that that one carrier consists of only onecarrier, like the current 4G LTE. In the unpaired spectrum,communication, such as DL, UL, device-to-device communication, and/orrelay communication, may be performed in the unpaired spectrum.

Further in new RAT, the following subframe types may be considered tosupport the paired spectrum and the unpaired spectrum mentioned above.

(1) Subframes including DL control and DL data

(2) Subframes including DL control, DL data, and UL control

(3) Subframes including DL control and UL data

(4) Subframes including DL control, UL data, and UL control

(5) Subframes including access signals or random access signals or otherpurposes.

(6) Subframes including both DL/UL and all UL signals.

However, the subframe types listed above are only exemplary, and othersubframe types may also be considered.

FIG. 3 shows an example of subframe type for new RAT.

The subframe shown in FIG. 3 may be used in TDD system of new RAT, inorder to minimize latency of data transmission. Referring to FIG. 3, thesubframe contains 14 symbols in one TTI, like the current subframe.However, the subframe includes DL control channel in the first symbol,and UL control channel in the last symbol. The remaining symbols may beused for DL data transmission or for UL data transmission. According tothis subframe structure, DL transmission and UL transmission maysequentially proceed in one subframe. Accordingly, DL data may betransmitted in the subframe, and UL acknowledgement/non-acknowledgement(ACK/NACK) may also be received in the subframe. In this manner, thesubframe shown in FIG. 4 may be referred to as self-contained subframe.As a result, it may take less time to retransmit data when a datatransmission error occurs, thereby minimizing the latency of final datatransmission. In the self-contained subframe structure, a time gap maybe required for the transition process from the transmission mode to thereception mode or from the reception mode to the transmission mode. Forthis purpose, some OFDM symbols at the time of switching from DL to ULin the subframe structure may be set to the guard period (GP).

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

Due to an introduction of the new RAT, it is likely that UEs supportingonly LTE and supporting both may coexist. In such a case, depending onadvanced UE percentage, it would be beneficial to dynamically change theportion of 5G frequency usage or LTE frequency usage in the samefrequency band.

I. Flexible Bandwidth Between LTE RAT and the New RAT.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a concept of flexible bandwidth

As shown in FIG. 4, a bandwidth used by LTE cell is greater than abandwidth used by new RAT cell. If a network operator wants to reducebandwidth used by LTE cell, the network may perform “SCell off”operation.

To support this operation, the following approaches can be consideredfrom LTE perspective.

-   -   if a LTE-UE may not support “flexible bandwidth”, it is        necessary to de-attach all UEs from LTE carrier and change the        system bandwidth by updating MIB/SIBs to change the system        bandwidth. This however would lead some latency to reconfigure        MIB/SIB information, and thus may not provide dynamic        reconfiguration or flexible spectrum sharing between two        technologies.

Another approach, instead of relying on system information update onsystem bandwidth, is to use “intra-frequency” CA mechanism in LTE RAT.For example, if an entire bandwidth is M Mhz, it can be divided to K*M/KMHz chunks. Here, UEs can support M Mhz via intra-CA capability. In thiscase, to disable one or a few frequency chunks, the network can simplydeactivate “SCell” and perform “off”. To transmit discovery signals,regularly, 5G network may not use some resources used by discoverysignals to minimize the interference. In terms of reserving someresources for discovery signal transmission, discovery signals maypuncture transmitted 5G/NR signals. For example, signals based on 15 kHzsubcarrier spacing is used in new RAT (abbreviated as NR), the resourcesused for discovery signals can puncture NR signals transmitted. Due todiscovery signal, the performance of NR signals can be degraded, forexample, control signals and data signals are rather deteriorated. Thehandling of this is done by proper code rate adaption and resourceallocation by scheduling.

-   -   A LTE-UE may support “flexible bandwidth”. In this case,        LTE-cell may configure a minimum bandwidth as small and allow        flexible bandwidth operation to LTE-UEs where it can adapt the        size of bandwidth dynamically. 5G cell could also adapt the        bandwidth dynamically depending on LTE/5G UE populations.    -   A LTE UE may also support new RAT technology. Here, LTE and NR        can be flexibly interchanged from LTE-UE perspective. Assuming        NR efficiency is generally better than LTE, if UEs support both        LTE and 5G it is better to operate with 5G unless there is        coverage difference. In this sense, if all UEs are also        supporting NR, the problem of sharing may not be significant        where LTE RAT based SCell can be deactivated, and NR can adapt        its system bandwidth flexibly to cover the entire system        bandwidth.

From NR supporting UE perspective, two possibilities are considered.

-   -   NR UEs can also support LTE    -   NR UEs may not support LTE: This implies that NR UEs may also        support LTE in different frequency band, but they do not support        LTE in the same spectrum where 5G can be operated.

(1) New RAT UE System Bandwidth Signalling

The system bandwidth of new RAT may be dynamically changed depending onthe usage of LTE spectrum or other usage (for example, by utilizingadditional spectrum in licensed shared access or by utilizing unlicensedspectrum—dynamic allocation of unlicensed spectrum).

Accordingly, it is necessary to signal “minimum” and “maximum” systembandwidth that the cell intends to support for the UEs.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example that UE is informed of information on abandwidth.

As shown in FIG. 5, the base station may operate a first cell and thesecond cell. Here, the first cell may use the new RAT and the secondcell may use the LTE RAT. The base station may transmit information onUE-specific bandwidth of the first cell using the new RAT.

Also, it is possible that the center frequency of synchronization signalor predetermined signal which is generally used for a center frequencymay not be in the center of maximum system bandwidth. In that sense, itis also desirable to indicate “center frequency” (or offset between acenter frequency of minimum system bandwidth and a center frequency ofthe reference signal such as primary synchronization signal (PSS)) ofminimum system bandwidth and maximum frequency (or the offset betweenreference signal and center of maximum SBW). These information can beforwarded through synchronization signals and/or MIB and/or SIB. Byknowing the range, UE may be able to adjust its receiving bandwidth(both RF and baseband) potentially to reduce power consumption or forother purposes. It is however desirable that the maximum systembandwidth cannot exceed a RF bandwidth of a UE assuming a centerfrequency of the reference signal or assuming UE may retune the RF to acenter frequency of a maximum system bandwidth. Meanwhile, in view of adirect current (DC) handling, it is desirable that DC would not bechanged, thus DC may be placed in the center of reference signals orminimum system bandwidth.

Between a minimum system bandwidth (min_SBW) and a maximum systembandwidth (max_SBW), it is assumed that any cell-common signals such assynchronization signals, a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), andpotentially system information block (SIB) may be transmitted withinmin_SBW. For multi-cell operation, a coordinated multi point (CoMP)transmission, a multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS), andetc would be performed on min_SBW. Or system bandwidth applied for eachoperation may be separately configured depending on the deploymentscenarios of neighbour cells. If it is supported beyond min_SBW, dynamicsignalling may be necessary to change the bandwidth. If semi-staticallymin_SBW is changed, it is also possible that min_SBW is equal tomax_SBW. It is noted that min_SBW, max_SBW, and/or operating systembandwidth can be indicated by PBCH or system information as well.

Regardless of multiple connections, synchronization may be performedonce. If additional synchronization is necessary for differentconnection, it is required to perform again.

Different RRC parameters/U-Plane bearer and etc can be configured pereach connection

Each connection may have different blank resources and/or differentsystem bandwidth and/or different numerology and/or different TTIlength. This would be also applied to other cases.

(2) LTE Signal Protection

If NR UEs can support “rate matching” around cell-specific signals ofLTE, spectrum allocated to LTE can be dynamically used for NR UEs ifnumerologies are compatible. For example, NR UEs can be signalled withfrequency range where LTE cell may transmit a legacy LTE physicaldownlink control channel (PDCCH)” and/or cell-specific reference signal(CRS), then NR UEs can perform rate matching if data and/or control isscheduled on the overlapped portion with LTE carrier. Necessaryinformation such as the length of PDCCH, CRS antenna port #, cell ID orvshift value would be also signalled. In case, the same RE locationbetween NR reference signal (RS) and LTE RS collide, a UE may assumethat LTE RS may not be transmitted in the resources signalled for NR.Even though a UE supports both RATs, the approaches mentioned in (1) canbe still applied. Major difference between (1) and (2) is to utilize theknown information of legacy signals for rate matching or data reception.

II. Initial Cell Search

In the frequency spectrum where NR and LTE can coexist, a UE may performboth LTE and NR cell search algorithms. As there could be LTE and NRsynchronization signals in the same frequency, the UE may attempt tostart initial access either LTE or NR. When a UE is associated witheither LTE or NR, after capability signalled, the UE can be reconfiguredor hand-overed to the NR or LTE (i.e., different RAT). For this, in thePRACH configuration resource in LTE, the base station may also signalthe PRACH resources which can be also used for NR UEs. In other words,one or more PRACH resources can be signalled. The one or more PRACH canbe used for UEs supporting both NR and LTE. When those resources areused, the network may perform NR operation on such UEs. When the networkwhich supports both NR/LTE may perform one of the followings.

(1) When the base station transmits RAR, the base station can signal thefrequency of NR to hand-over the UE to new RAT. The base station canalso signal the frequency of the LTE. Or, the frequencies can beconfigured by RRC signals in MSG 4 instead. The information wouldinclude “frequency”, “bandwidth”, and/or the RAT type.

(2) From the transmission of RAR, the base station may signal or sendall RS/data based on NR format. From a UE perspective, all the LTEcell-common (or backward compatible) signals can be rate matched orpunctured. In terms of cell-common signals, it can be informed viaUE-specific signals or cell-specific signals or group-specific signals.In this sense, the network may form LTE and NR in the same spectrumwhere LTE UE and NR UE can be multiplexed in different manners such asFDM/TDM/CDM/spatial multiplexing, etc.

FIG. 6 exemplarily illustrates a procedure of cell association.

Overall, the procedure of cell association can be as follows.

(1) Cell search: two cases are considered.

A. Cell search signals such as a primary synchronization signal (PSS)and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) are common in LTE andNR—when a cell supports both RATs, a common cell search signals aretransmitted. In this case, it is assumed that the cell would alsotransmit legacy PBCH and/or legacy SIB so that legacy LTE UEs can accessthe LTE cells. The legacy PBCH and/or legacy SIBs can be optionally nottransmitted by the network if there are no expected legacy UEs in thenetwork. Furthermore, if LTE cell is used only for SCell from LTE legacyUEs perspective, legacy PBCH and/or legacy SIBs may or may not bepresent.

B. Cell search signals are independent and may be different in LTE andNR—a UE may have different receiver algorithms to detect each RAT'ssynchronization signals

In case B is assumed, a UE may be configured with a priority list wherein each frequency either LTE or NR is first searched. The priority RATcan be configured per frequency or band or per frequency region.

(2) PBCH reading: when the same signals are used, it is also assumedthat the same PBCH transmission is also used. In this case, legacy PBCHmay include RAT type utilizing reserved bits or reshuffle the PBCHentries. Alternatively, even with the same synchronization signals,different PBCH may be transmitted which utilizes different resources.One additional synchronization signal may be present for new RAT and aUE may attempt to read NR related PBCH and the associated SItransmissions. The example of additional signal can be beam indicator orextended synchronization signals which can be used for location ofsynchronization signals and/or beam direction. In case, differentsynchronization signals are used, different PBCH may be assumed, andfollowing synchronization signals, the UE reads the corresponding PBCH(NR-PBCH and PBCH respectively for NR and LTE).

(3) SIB reading: based on PBCH, either NR-SIB or SIB can be read. InNR-SIB, if the network wants to detour UEs to LTE carrier, it can signal“LTE center frequency”. The UE may switch to the LTE center frequencyand starts LTE cell association. If the UE does not support LTE, it mayignore the field and proceed with NR cell association.

A. In SIB, different PRACH configurations can be given. In NR, PRACHresources for LTE can be configured. If the UE selects LTE PRACHresources, the corresponding cell association would be done based on LTEprocedure. In this case, PBCH/SIB for LTE can be UE-specificallysignalled rather than a UE needs to read broadcasted PBCH/SIBtransmissions. In other words, though the cell supports both RATs, itmay broadcast either LTE or NR related common signals for PBCH/SIB. Interms of switching UEs from different RATs, those information can begiven via UE-specific signalling instead.

B. In terms of RACH procedure, offloading via RACH procedure can beconsidered. When the network receives NR-PRACH where there are many UEswith NR, it may send “reject” signals such that LTE-supporting UEs canbe detour to the LTE. In terms of “reject”, it can send “overloading”indicator in each PRACH resource such that UEs supporting both RATs canselect one PRACH resource based on also the loading conditions of eachRAT type. In other words, each PRACH resource can include optional fieldof “RAT indication” and “overloading” indication such that UEssupporting both may utilize those information for better selection ofRAT and PRACH resource. Though the network may be able to dynamicallychange the frequency portion of each RAT, dynamic loading can be usedalso to balance between different RATs. This information can be alsoindicated in PDCCH order or PRACH trigger which can be used forhand-over operation or change the RAT behaviour of a UE. Once a UE isconfigured with PRACH trigger with different RAT type from the operatingRAT type, it may perform necessary handover procedure. Furthermore, if aUE is configured with multiple connections, PRACH trigger can be appliedto all connections or partially to subset of connections. This impliesthat all or partial subset of connections can be switched to differentRAT type or cell. Furthermore, a UE may select different RAT based onits application characteristics or requirements.

(4) RACH Procedure

Based on PRACH resource selection, different RAR and RACH procedure maybe expected. In NR, additional PRACH resource for LTE can be configuredwhich are then responded with either NR-Msg3 or legacy Msg3. When the UEstarts from legacy signals, it may initiate with legacy RACH procedure,which can be detoured when Msg 4 is received or via RAR.

(5) RRC Configuration:

Based on each RAT type, appropriate resource configuration is given.

Another approach is that a UE can be associated with the cell usingeither via NR or LTE depending on the searched synchronization signalsand/or PBCH signals. Once the UE is connected with any RAT type, thecell may indicate “additional” resources of different RAT. From a UEperspective, it is single carrier where different RAT type coexists inthe same carrier.

FIG. 7 exemplarily shows examples of different cases.

Type 0: when LTE center frequency is not aligned with NR centerfrequency. If NR uses “center frequency DC”, it may be able to use italso for LTE. It is however expected that NR may not reserve DC tone (assimilar to LTE synchronization signals) to avoid alignment betweencenter and synchronization signals. In this case, as LTE needs to usecenter frequency DC, the DC should be accounted in resource blockformation properly. One approach is to absorb the DC in the adjacent PRBof NR where the adjacent PRB consist of N−1 subcarriers instead of Ncarriers. Alternatively, no additional handling on DC is assumed, or DCis shared between LTE and NR carrier where RB grid can be differentbetween LTE and NR. Once a UE is associated with LTE carrier, additionalNR PRBs are configured with center frequency, system bandwidth, blankresources, etc.

Type 1: when both RATs are aligned, it may be also assumed that NR mayreserve DC tone unused as well. In this case, the PRB formation of NRwould not be affected. In case NR does not reserve DC tone, the similarissue or handling to Type 0 would be necessary. In other words,different RB grid between NR and LTE can be assumed though the centerfrequency is shared, also synchronization signals can be transmitted infrequency not in the center frequency for NR as well.

In terms of configuration, the frequency offset between NR and LTEcenter frequency, NR system bandwidth, necessary information aresignalled to the UE. For UEs not supporting LTE, LTE bandwidth/resourceswould be treated as if “blank resources”.

In terms of blank resources, two types of blank resources configurationcan be considered.

-   -   Entire blank: if used, a UE can assume that any RS/data/control        will not be mapped to the configured resource.    -   Partial blank: if used, a UE can assume that there could be some        RS/data/control to be mapped to the resource and at least        partial resources would not be used. In terms of partial        resources not usable, some signalling can be considered—one is        the bitmap of 144 (one RB mapping) where each bit can be mapped        to one RE in the PRB which then will be assumed to be constant        across the configured PRBs. Alternative signal reductions can be        also considered, for example, legacy control region symbol        length, CRS ports, cell ID, CSI-RS, PRS, which can cover legacy        LTE cell-common signals. Alternatively, blank resource may be        configured in a subcarrier level instead of PRB level to allow        finer configurability. Or blank resource at OFDM symbol level        can be also considered.

To allow blank subframe configuration dynamically, semi-staticallyconfigured blank subframe set(s) can be dynamically enabled or disabled.For example, semi-static set(s) of blank resources can be configured,which can be dynamically enabled or disabled via the followingapproaches

(1) Explicit enabling/disabling dynamic signalling: L1 or MAC CE can beused to dynamically enable/disable the blank subframe configuration. Thesignalling can be UE-specific or cell-common or group-specific. Also, apattern can be indicated dynamically from a set of semi-staticallyconfigured blank resource patterns.

(2) UE's blind detecting (BD): via the scheduling, and/or detecting theassociated NR signals in the blank resources, the UE may detect whetherthe resource is used for NR or not. Or, depending on UE BD on some othersignals which can be present in the blank resource (e.g., LTE CRS), theUE may determine whether the resource is being used for other RAT orother purpose.

When the UE is configured with LTE and NR, depending on the anchor RATtype (based on initial cell association procedure), the followingapproaches can be considered.

(1) Anchor RAT is LTE: in this case, additional NR resources can beconsidered as “segments” which can be used for control and/or datatransmission where CRS is not assumed to be transmitted. RS forcontrol/data demodulation can be separately signalled.

(2) Anchor RAT is NR: in this case, additional LTE resources can beconsidered as “partial blank” resources which then can be used withproper rate matching on legacy LTE signals.

Depending on the bandwidth of each RAT, either (1) or (2) can beselected and used.

Another approach is to assume “CA” between two RATs to allow separateMAC entity in different MAC.

FIG. 8 illustrates separate two MAC entities in the base station and theUE.

For example, in type 0, intra-contiguous CA can be assumed for NR andLTE. In type 1, intra CA can be assumed where handling of segmented NRcarrier may be different per UE implementation. One example is toconfigure “three” intra-contiguous CA carriers in type 1.

In case CA approach is used between NR and LTE, the following procedureswould be clarified.

(1) PCell determination: between NR and LTE, PCell may be clarified. Itmay follow initial synchronization signal detection, and may be changedvia RRC signaling once cell association procedure is completed. In otherwords, the similar cell association procedure mentioned in above can beused for CA case as well which can be reconfigured once cell associationis completed.

(2) Cross-carrier scheduling: by allowing NR-MAC and LTE-MAC tightinteraction, real-time processing, cross-carrier scheduling may be used.When cross-carrier scheduling is used, the control format would follow acarrier used for scheduling a another carrier. In terms of downlinkcontrol information (DCI), a format of the scheduled carrier is used asa reference. In other words, actual control channel format can followscheduling carrier's RAT type and content can be based on scheduledcarrier's RAT type. One consideration is to allow “dynamic” bandwidthchange between LTE and NR, which may be indicated in scheduling, thebandwidth of LTE dynamically.

(3) scheduling request (SR): SR can be transmitted to any RAT, which mayhave different format. In terms of “timer”, a single timer can be sharedbetween different RATs as long as timer values are consistent. Or,independent SR can be configured per each RAT. When the same timer isused between two RATs, once timer expires in one RAT, it will alsotrigger timer expire in the other RAT and perform the necessaryprocedures.

(4) power headroom report (PHR): PHR can be also reported in a sharedformat between two RATs. However, it may be desirable to reportdifferent contents per each RAT which are shared by two RATs. Forexample, when a UE is capable of using only one uplink, the PHR valuecan be different depending on RAT type, and thus, two different PHRs canbe reported even though the UE supports only one UL carrier. In case ofUL carriers, either each may be associated with different RAT or eachmay be shared between two RATs. Depending on its configuration, PHRreporting can be different. As long as one UL can be associated with twodifferent RATs, different PHRs can be reported.

Regardless which approach is used to support LTE and NR, synchronizationassumptions should be clarified between LTE synchronization signals/RSand NR synchronization signal/RS. To allow the listed approaches, it isnecessary to satisfy at least “CA” synchronization requirements (tightsynchronizations). Simple assumption could be to assume “QCL” betweenLTE and NR sync/RS transmissions. In other words, based on LTEsynchronization signals and/or RS, NR RS can be fine-tuned (and viceversa).

Another approach is to support LTE and NR together via dual connectivitylike framework where separate MAC and handling are assumed. In thiscase, any relationship between two RAT's sync/RS may not be necessary.Similar to dual connectivity, the synchronization assumptions can beindicated by higher layer signaling.

III. Different Interworking Mechanisms

(1) RAT Type Configuration Per RRC or UP Connection

In terms of RAT configuration, it can be configured similar to“transmission mode”. In other words, per U-Plane bearer or RRCconnection, different RAT type may be configured. Different RAT type mayindicate or define the UE behaviour of at least some or all of thefollowings.

-   -   Control channel design whether to follow NR control channel        configuration/design or LTE control channel configuration/design    -   DCI content    -   PDSCH coding mechanism, TBS table, MCS table, etc    -   CQI mechanism

(2) Sync Reference of LTE Cell for NR Cells

For efficient UE behaviour cell common transmission may be performedusing one RAT type. Furthermore, this can be also indicated with SCelladdition where different RAT type may be used per different CC. Also, ifNR and LTE cell may perform CoMP operation, in terms of data ratematching and all, RAT type may be also indicated dynamically or ratematching factor may be dynamically indicated. Though QCL relationshipbetween RS types transmitted in NR may not present, QCL relationshipbetween LTE-CRS and NR-RS (e.g., UE DM-RS or beam RS) may be presentwhich can be signalled. Using this mechanism, a UE may be able toperform coarse synchronization which may not be doable by NR RStransmissions except for NR-PSS/NR-SSS. This cell can be configured as“reference carrier”. By this way, a network may be able to deploy oneLTE cell with many neighbour NR cells without compromising UEsynchronization performance considerably.

(3) Data Offloading to NR Cells or LTE Cells

Depending on blank resource configurations, load etc, a UE supportingboth LTE and NR can be configured with two cells in the same frequencywith NR and LTE. A UE can be configured with receiving control fromeither cell and data from either cell. The data and/or data can betransmitted from one or two cells dynamically. The benefit of thisapproach is to allow low latency requiring UEs can be servicedregardless of invalid subframe or invalid resources. For example, oneapproach is to use different subframe location of two RAT types for“always-on” signals such as synchronization signals such that a UE canbe still scheduled with data in those resources at least from one of thecell. This can be partially supported by allowing CoMP operation betweenLTE and NR cells. Different from legacy LTE CoMP, legacy CRS assumptionwould be changed depending on the RAT type of each participating CoMPcell. To enhance the performance of legacy CRS reception, optionallyzero-power CRS can be used for neighbour NR cells.

(4) Group or Cell-Specific Data/Control Transmission Via LTE andUE-Specific Control/Data Transmission Via NR

Another approach to support coexistence or tight interworking betweenLTE and NR is to utilize “omni-directional” transmission of LTE and“directional, beamforming” transmission of NR. For example, todynamically change and indicate the beam direction, LTE carrier can beutilized to indicate such signals. One example is to utilize the samenumerology with two different antenna transmission mechanisms indifferent frequency (which may be operated by different cell or eNB),omni-directional transmission can indicate necessary information forbeam-formed transmission including broadcast information,beam-scheduling information, etc. Another example such an operation isto perform initial access via LTE cell and aggregate NR which can beused for after RACH procedure. This is similar to “anchor” carrier and“hand-over” to additional carrier where anchor carrier may or may not beoperated in parallel with hand-over carrier or additional carrier. Ifthis is applied, NR cell may not transmit any cell common signals oroptionally turn off such signals.

The embodiments illustrated above may be implemented by variousinstruments. For example, the embodiments of the present invention maybe implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or combinations thereof,which will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 9.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a wireless communication systemaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

A BS 200 includes a processor 201, a memory 202, and an RF (radiofrequency) unit 203. The memory 202 coupled to the processor 201 storesa variety of information for driving the processor 201. The RF unit 203coupled to the processor 201 transmits and/or receives a radio signal.The processor 201 implements the proposed functions, procedure, and/ormethods. In the aforementioned embodiment, an operation of the BS may beimplemented by the processor 201.

A wireless device 100 includes a processor 101, a memory 102, and an RFunit 103. The memory 102 coupled to the processor 101 stores a varietyof information for driving the processor 101. The RF unit 103 coupled tothe processor 101 transmits and/or receives a radio signal. Theprocessor 101 implements the proposed functions, procedure, and/ormethods. In the aforementioned embodiment, an operation of the wirelessdevice may be implemented by the processor 101.

The processor may include an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a separate chipset, a logic circuit, and/or a data processingunit. The memory may include a read-only memory (ROM), a random accessmemory (RAM), a flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium, and/orother equivalent storage devices. The RF unit may include a base-bandcircuit for processing a radio signal. When the embodiment of thepresent invention is implemented in software, the aforementioned methodscan be implemented with a module (i.e., process, function, etc.) forperforming the aforementioned functions. The module may be stored in thememory and may be performed by the processor. The memory may be locatedinside or outside the processor, and may be coupled to the processor byusing various well-known means.

Although the aforementioned exemplary system has been described on thebasis of a flowchart in which steps or blocks are listed in sequence,the steps of the present invention are not limited to a certain order.Therefore, a certain step may be performed in a different step or in adifferent order or concurrently with respect to that described above.Further, it will be understood by those ordinary skilled in the art thatthe steps of the flowcharts are not exclusive. Rather, another step maybe included therein or one or more steps may be deleted within the scopeof the present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for receiving data, the method performedby a wireless apparatus and comprising: receiving, from a serving cellsupporting new radio access technology (NR), information related tocell-specific reference signal (CRS) of a long term evolution (LTE)cell, which includes information related to a CRS antenna port for theCRS of the LTE cell and information related to a v-shift value for theCRS of the LTE cell, based on the wireless apparatus supporting the NR;determining resource elements (REs) used for the CRS of the LTE cellbased on the information related to the CRS of the LTE cell; andreceiving, from the serving cell supporting the NR, the data, which isrelated to the NR, wherein the data is not mapped in the REs that areused for the CRS of the LTE cell, wherein the data is received based onan assumption that the data is rate-matched in one or more REs exceptfor the REs used for the CRS of the LTE cell, and wherein the data israte-matched in the one or more REs except for the REs used for the CRSof the LTE cell, based on that a subcarrier spacing for the data, whichis related to the NR, is 15 kHz.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: receiving a primary synchronization signal (PSS) from theserving cell supporting the NR, wherein the PSS is not located in acenter frequency of the serving cell.
 3. The method of claim 2, furthercomprising: receiving information related to a frequency location of thePSS, which is not located in the center frequency of the serving cell.4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a radio resourcecontrol (RRC) signal including information of parts of a bandwidth ofthe serving cell.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the wirelessapparatus operates in at least one part within the bandwidth of theserving cell based on the RRC signal.
 6. A wireless apparatus configuredto receive data, the wireless apparatus comprising: a transceiver; and aprocessor operatively coupled to the transceiver and configured to:control the transceiver to receive, from a serving cell supporting newradio access technology (NR), information related to cell-specificreference signal (CRS) of a long term evolution (LTE) cell, whichincludes information related to a CRS antenna port for the CRS of theLTE cell and information related to a v-shift value for the CRS of theLTE cell, based on the wireless apparatus supporting the NR; determineresource elements (REs) used for the CRS of the LTE cell based on theinformation related to the CRS of the LTE cell; and control thetransceiver to receive, from the serving cell supporting the NR, thedata, which is related to the NR, wherein the data is not mapped in theREs that are used for the CRS of the LTE cell, wherein the data isreceived based on an assumption that the data is rate-matched in one ormore REs except for the REs used for the CRS of the LTE cell, andwherein the data is rate-matched in the one or more REs except for theREs used for the CRS of the LTE cell, based on that a subcarrier spacingfor the data, which is related to the NR, is 15 kHz.
 7. The wirelessapparatus of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to:control the transceiver to receive a primary synchronization signal(PSS) from the serving cell supporting the NR, wherein the PSS is notlocated in a center frequency of the serving cell.
 8. The wirelessapparatus of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:control the transceiver to receive information related to a frequencylocation of the PSS, which is not located in the center frequency of theserving cell.
 9. The wireless apparatus of claim 6, wherein theprocessor is further configured to: control the transceiver to receive aradio resource control (RRC) signal including information of parts of abandwidth of the serving cell.
 10. The wireless apparatus of claim 9,wherein the wireless apparatus operates in at least one part within thebandwidth of the serving cell based on the RRC signal.